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NEW QUESTION 1
Which exchange lakes care of DoS protection in IKEv2?
A. Create_CHILD_SA
B. IKE_Auth
C. IKE_Req_INIT
D. IKE_SA_NIT
Answer: C
Explanation:
The IKE_SA_INIT exchange in IKEv2 is responsible for DoS protection measures. During IKE_SA_INIT, before authentication and further exchange, the responder can use cookie challenges (per RFC 7296 and Fortinet VPN documentation). If a DoS attack is suspected (many requests from the same source), the responder replies with a cookie. Only after the initiator returns the correct cookie does the exchange proceed, protecting the responder from state exhaustion and certain forms of DoS traffic at the handshake stage.
NEW QUESTION 2
An administrator wants to capture encrypted phase 2 traffic between two FotiGate devices using the built-in sniffer. If the administrator knows that there Is no NAT device located between both FortiGate devices, which command should the administrator run?
A. diagnose sniffer packet any ‘udp port 500’
B. diagnose sniffer packet any ‘lp proto 50’
C. diagnose sniffer packet any ‘udp port 4500’
D. diagnose sniffer packet any ‘ah’
Answer: B
Explanation:
To capture encrypted IPsec phase 2 (ESP) traffic between two FortiGate devices, the correct protocol filter to use is ip proto 50. According to the Fortinet official sniffing and debugging documentation, ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) is used for encrypted phase 2 payload transfer and always uses IP protocol number 50. Running the command diagnose sniffer packet any ‘ip proto 50’ captures only ESP packets, which represent the encrypted traffic – whether originating or transiting the device. If there is no NAT device between FortiGates, ESP is not encapsulated in UDP (thus not on UDP port 4500; if NAT-T were required, packets would be UDP-encapsulated, but the scenario explicitly says NAT is not in use). UDP port 500 is for IKE control (negotiation) traffic, and AH (Authentication Header, ip proto 51) is not used for encryption in standard IPsec phase 2 with ESP. This matches the official CLI reference from Fortinet for VPN and traffic analysis.
NEW QUESTION 3
Which two statements about an auxiliary session ate true? (Choose two.)
A. With the auxiliary session selling disabled, only auxiliary sessions are offloaded.
B. With the auxiliary session setting enabled. ECMP traffic is accelerated to the NP6 processor.
C. With the auxiliary session setting enabled. Iwo sessions are created in case of routing change.
D. With the auxiliary session setting disabled, for each traffic path. FortiGate uses the same auxiliary session.
Answer: BC
Explanation:
Auxiliary sessions in Fortinet are designed to support ECMP (Equal Cost Multi-Path) and SD-WAN scenarios, allowing sessions to be handled efficiently when traffic needs to be dynamically distributed across multiple links. With the auxiliary session setting enabled, FortiGate creates additional session table entries for each possible path in ECMP or SD-WAN – meaning that if the routing path changes (such as a link failover), a new session can be immediately activated and offloaded to the NP6 network processor for acceleration, ensuring minimal disruption. This greatly benefits high-throughput deployments. Official documentation specifies that when auxiliary sessions are enabled, FortiGate doesn’t just rely on dynamically creating new sessions after a routing event, it proactively creates sessions for all potential paths. This means that in the event of a route change, two sessions exist and the traffic is quickly re-routed and offloaded, maximizing performance and reliability. Without this feature, multiple paths cannot be efficiently offloaded, and routing changes trigger a single session update, reducing failover performance.
NEW QUESTION 4
Which two statements are true regarding heartbeat messages sent from an FSSO collector agent to FortiGate? (Choose two.)
A. The heartbeat messages can be seen using the command diagnose debug authd fsso list.
B. The heartbeat messages can be seen in the collector agent logs.
C. The heartbeat messages can be seen on FortiGate using the real-lime FSSO debug.
D. The heartbeat messages must be manually enabled on FortiGate.
Answer: BC
Explanation:
According to the official Fortinet documentation (Technical Tip: Useful FSSO Commands), heartbeat messages play a crucial role in communication between the FSSO Collector Agent and FortiGate. These messages are regularly sent from the Collector Agent to verify its status, maintain session awareness, and confirm connectivity between the authentication infrastructure and FortiGate appliances.
– Option B is confirmed by Fortinet, as the collector agent logs on Windows or its management console will specifically note heartbeat events, connection status, and any issues maintaining contact with FortiGate units.
– Option C is validated by both official CLI documentation and the technical tip linked. On FortiGate, heartbeat messages from the collector agent are visible using real-time debug tools such as diagnose debug application authd or FSSO-specific commands. These enable administrators to monitor live logon states, session status, and connection health directly from the FortiGate CLI. The debug stream shows heartbeats received and their effect on active logons, associating health monitoring with active sessions. Heartbeat operation is fully automated once FSSO is set up – there is no requirement for manual enablement or configuration, aligning with Fortinet’s philosophy of seamless integration and centralized management across the Security Fabric. This ensures that both FortiGate and the collector agent can quickly and reliably detect any miscommunication or outage, addressing authentication issues proactively.
NEW QUESTION 5
Which statement about parallel path processing is correct (PPP)?
A. PPP chooses from a group of parallel options lo identity the optimal path tor processing a packet.
B. Only FortiGate hardware configurations affect the path that a packet takes.
C. PPP does not apply to packets that are part of an already established session.
D. Software configuration has no impact on PPP.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Parallel Path Processing (PPP) in FortiOS refers to the system’s ability to evaluate and select among multiple processing paths – often involving dedicated network processors, content processors, or CPU-based workflows – to optimally process packets. The official documentation highlights that the PPP engine dynamically selects which hardware or software path to use for each session based on session characteristics, policy configuration, and traffic type. This dynamic selection results in optimal throughput and resource utilization. The document specifies that PPP assesses several processing paths in parallel, using decision logic to determine whether a session should be offloaded to specialist hardware (like NP6, CP9, etc.) or stay in the CPU path, ensuring that each packet is handled by the most efficient available method under current load and policy. Hardware and software configurations both influence this outcome, but it is the PPP engine’s decision-making that defines the optimal path per session.
NEW QUESTION 6
In IKEv2, which exchange establishes the first CHILD_SA?
A. IKE_SA_INIT
B. INFORMATIONAL
C. CREATE_CHILD_SA
D. IKE_Auth
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to RFC 7296 (IKEv2) and Fortinet’s official documentation, the IKE_SA_INIT exchange is responsible for negotiating cryptographic parameters, performing the initial Diffie-Hellman exchange, and implementing the cookie challenge mechanism for DoS protection. When the responder suspects a DoS attack (such as mass requests by the same source), it includes a cookie in the IKE_SA_INIT response. The initiator must return the cookie in its next request to prove that it truly exists at the IP address it claims, thereby mitigating resource exhaustion attacks. This two-step exchange ensures the responder only allocates resources after successful proof of address, aligning with best security practices. Fortinet documentation confirms that this process occurs strictly in the IKE_SA_INIT phase, not in subsequent IKE_Auth or CHILD_SA exchanges.
NEW QUESTION 7
Which authentication option can you not configure under config user radius on FortiOS?
A. mschap
B. pap
C. mschap2
D. eap
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the official Fortinet administration guide for FortiOS 7.6.4 under the section “Configuring a RADIUS server”, the supported RADIUS authentication methods you can configure via the CLI with config user radius are:
– pap
– chap
– mschap
– mschapv2
– auto
The relevant CLI syntax is set auth-type {auto | ms_chap_v2 | ms_chap | chap | pap}. You can confirm this directly in the configuration table and from real CLI sessions. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is NOT an authentication option you can directly set under config user radius. EAP methods (such as EAP-TLS, EAP-PEAP, EAP-TTLS) are negotiated between the RADIUS client and server but are not configurable as an explicit auth-type option in FortiOS. EAP authentication is typically used automatically by features like 802.1X, not through the user radius object authentication-type setting, and always requires proper backend workings between supplicant and RADIUS server.
NEW QUESTION 8
Which two statements about Security Fabric communications are true? (Choose two.)
A. FortiTelemetry and Neighbor Discovery both operate using TCP.
B. The default port for Neighbor Discovery can be modified.
C. FortiTelemetry must be manually enabled on the FortiGate interface.
D. By default, the downstream FortiGate establishes a connection with the upstream FortiGate using TCP port 8013.
Answer: CD
Explanation:
FortiTelemetry is a critical part of Security Fabric communications and requires explicit configuration for each participating FortiGate interface. The administrative access setting “fabric” (corresponding to FortiTelemetry) must be manually enabled per interface on both upstream and downstream devices. This is performed in the GUI under Administrative Access or via the CLI using the command set allowaccess fabric for the relevant network interface. Without this step, FortiTelemetry communications will not occur on that interface. Additionally, the default communication between downstream and upstream FortiGate units in the Security Fabric is over TCP port 8013. This port is well-documented as the standard for Security Fabric and FortiTelemetry connections, and must be open and permitted across the network path for connectivity and status enforcement between units. The downstream FortiGate initiates the connection to the upstream via this port unless otherwise configured. This has also been documented as a PCI-relevant port, showing its default usage.
Other options:
– Neighbor Discovery in FortiOS uses IPv6 ND protocol, not TCP.
– FortiTelemetry port (8013) can be modified, but the interface Administrative Access for the Security Fabric must be manually enabled; Neighbor Discovery port modification is not documented as a supported change for FortiGate.
NEW QUESTION 9
What are two reasons you might see iprope_in_check() check failed, drop when using the debug flow? (Choose two.)
A. Packet was dropped because of policy route misconfiguration.
B. Packet was dropped because of traffic shaping.
C. Trusted host list misconfiguration.
D. VIP or IP pool misconfiguration.
Answer: CD
NEW QUESTION 10
Which statement about protocol options is true?
A. Protocol options allow administrators to configure a maximum number of sessions for each configured protocol.
B. Protocol options give administrators a streamlined method to instruct FortiGate to block all sessions corresponding to disabled protocols.
C. Protocol options allow administrators to configure the Any setting for all enabled protocols, which provides the most efficient use of system resources.
D. Protocol options allow administrators to configure which Layer 4 port numbers map to upper-layer protocols, such as HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and so on.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 11
Which two statements about conserve mode are true? (Choose two.)
A. FortiGate enters conserve mode when the system memory reaches the configured extreme threshold.
B. FortiGate starts taking the configured action for new sessions requiring content inspection when the system memory reaches the configured red threshold.
C. FortiGate exits conserve mode when the system memory goes below the configured green threshold.
D. FortiGate starts dropping all new sessions when the system memory reaches the configured red threshold.
Answer: BC
NEW QUESTION 12
Which three common FortiGate-to-collector-agent connectivity issues can you identify using the FSSO real-time debug? (Choose three.)
A. Log is full on the collector agent.
B. Inability to reach IP address of the collector agent.
C. Refused connection. Potential mismatch of TCP port.
D. Mismatched pre-shared password.
E. Incompatible collector agent software version.
Answer: BCD
NEW QUESTION 13
The local OSPF router is unable to establish adjacency with a peer. Which two things should the administrator do to troubleshoot the issue? (Choose two.)
A. Check whether TCP port 179 is blocked.
B. Check if there is an active static route to the peer.
C. Check whether both peers have an IP address within the same subnet.
D. Check if IP protocol 89 is blocked.
Answer: CD
NEW QUESTION 14
In the SAML negotiation process, which section does the Identity Provider (IdP) provide the SAML attributes utilized in the authentication process to the Service Provider (SP)?
A. SP Login dump.
B. Authentication Response.
C. Authentication Request.
D. Assertion dump.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 15
During which phase of IKEv2 does the Diffie-Helman key exchange take place?
A. IKE_Req_INIT
B. Create_CHILD_SA
C. IKE_Auth
D. IKE_SA_INIT
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 16
What are two functions of automation stitches? (Choose two.)
A. You can configure automation stitches on any FortiGate device in a Security Fabric environment.
B. You can configure automation stitches to execute actions sequentially by taking parameters from previous actions as input for the current action.
C. You can set an automation stitch configured to execute actions in parallel to insert a specific delay between actions.
D. You can create automation stitches to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to an email message when CPU or memory usage exceeds specified thresholds.
Answer: BD
NEW QUESTION 17
……
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